Luke 24:1-12 - The Empty Tomb and the Remembered Word

Luke has just told us that the women watched where Christ’s body was laid, prepared spices and fragrant oils, and rested on the Sabbath according to the commandment. When they return at the earliest dawn, their hands are ready for burial. They love the Lord, but grief has narrowed their expectation to the service that can be offered to the dead.

The turning point comes after the stone is found rolled away and the body is absent. The empty tomb leaves the women perplexed until the heavenly messengers recall what Jesus Himself had said. “Remember” is the command at the heart of this passage. The women look into an empty place; their memory receives the Lord’s promise; their feet carry the news back to the apostolic gathering. Luke shows how burial-shaped love becomes Paschal witness when Christ’s word interprets what grief cannot understand.

The Women, the Spices, and the Empty Tomb (Luke 24:1-3)

¹ Now on the first day of the week, very early in the morning, they, and certain other women with them, came to the tomb bringing the spices which they had prepared. ² But they found the stone rolled away from the tomb. ³ Then they went in and did not find the body of the Lord Jesus.

The prepared spices join this morning to the burial. These are the women who had observed the tomb and then kept the Sabbath (Luke 23:55-56). They have neither confused the place nor forgotten how the body was laid. Their return reveals both fidelity and incomplete expectation: they hasten to serve Jesus, yet they expect death to have the final word over His body.

Luke does not ridicule such love. The women bring what reverence has prepared, and their confusion will be met with revelation. This matters whenever obedience continues while hope feels buried: a person may still pray, care for the suffering, keep the fast, or complete an unnoticed act of service without understanding what God is doing. Faithful love is ready to be taught because it has remained near the Lord.

The details then become spare and physical. The stone is rolled away. The women enter. They do not find “the body of the Lord Jesus.” The title “Lord” and the noun “body” must be heard together. The One who was truly crucified and buried is the Lord, and His bodily absence cannot be reduced to the survival of an idea or influence. At the same time, absence alone does not yet tell the women what has happened. The opened tomb requires the word that follows.

Language insight

Luke says they came ὄρθρου βαθέως (orthrou batheōs), literally “at deep dawn,” rendered naturally by NKJV as “very early in the morning.” The phrase marks the earliest part of dawn and shows how promptly the women act after the Sabbath. In the wider first-day setting, dawn also bears a fitting Paschal resonance, but that theology comes from the Resurrection context rather than from the clock phrase by itself.¹

The Living One and the Word Remembered (Luke 24:4-8)

⁴ And it happened, as they were greatly perplexed about this, that behold, two men stood by them in shining garments. ⁵ Then, as they were afraid and bowed their faces to the earth, they said to them, “Why do you seek the living among the dead? ⁶ He is not here, but is risen! Remember how He spoke to you when He was still in Galilee, ⁷ saying, ‘The Son of Man must be delivered into the hands of sinful men, and be crucified, and the third day rise again.’ ”

⁸ And they remembered His words.

The women are “greatly perplexed,” and Luke allows that perplexity to stand. An open tomb and an absent body can unsettle, but they need a word that reveals what has happened. The two men in shining garments give that interpretation. The NKJV calls Him “the living.” The Greek ton zōnta can also be rendered “the Living One”: the words name Jesus Himself, not merely life as an idea. The messengers announce that He “is risen.” The absent body belongs to the crucified Lord, now bodily alive and beyond the hold of death. The women are being taught where, and as whom, to seek the One they love.

“Why do you seek the living among the dead?” proclaims Christ’s unique victory. Graves remain places where Christians lament, pray, and reverently care for those who have departed. The women’s own burial service has already been shown as loving. Christian grief can speak honestly beside a grave while confessing that death’s claim is temporary, because Jesus Christ has risen in the body and will raise the dead.

“Remember how He spoke to you” returns the women to Christ’s teaching in Galilee. Jesus had already joined the events that grief had torn apart in their understanding: He would be delivered into sinful hands, crucified, and rise on the third day. His Resurrection reveals the Passion as the path He willingly entered for our salvation and declares that betrayal and violence could not defeat God’s saving purpose.

The word “must” carries this unity. The Greek ἔδει (edei) means “it was necessary.” Christ’s delivery, Cross, and rising belong to one saving purpose disclosed beforehand. The human agents remain responsible: the verse calls them “sinful men.” Saving necessity belongs to the Son’s self-giving mission; it grants no innocence to betrayal or crucifixion. Human evil spent its force against Christ, and the risen Lord answered it with the victory of His obedient love.²

Verse 8 is quiet and decisive: “And they remembered His words.” They have not yet seen the risen Jesus, yet His true word now interprets the tomb. This remembrance receives a promise that corresponds to God’s bodily act in history; it is far more than nostalgia or a method for calming distress. What had sounded impossible in Galilee now becomes the key to what they have seen. Memory becomes obedient when the Lord’s promise, rather than grief’s conclusion, governs the heart.

Gems from the Fathers 💎: Love Taught by the Living Lord

The fragment transmitted under St. Cyril of Alexandria’s name reads the women’s perplexity through Christ’s victory: the Word is Life by nature, truly tasted death in the flesh, and rose so that we might return to incorruption.³ Their love does not have to invent a Resurrection; it receives the announcement and remembers what the Lord has said. The same collection honors women as the first to learn and tell the Resurrection mystery, reversing the old story of death rather than placing a lasting reproach upon women.

The Women’s Witness, Apostolic Dismissal, and Peter’s Wonder (Luke 24:9-12)

⁹ Then they returned from the tomb and told all these things to the eleven and to all the rest. ¹⁰ It was Mary Magdalene, Joanna, Mary the mother of James, and the other women with them, who told these things to the apostles. ¹¹ And their words seemed to them like idle tales, and they did not believe them. ¹² But Peter arose and ran to the tomb; and stooping down, he saw the linen cloths lying by themselves; and he departed, marveling to himself at what had happened.

Remembered words become returning feet and spoken testimony. The women tell “all these things,” neither placing themselves at the center nor withholding the parts likely to be dismissed. Luke then names Mary Magdalene, Joanna, Mary the mother of James, and the other women. Joanna’s earlier place among the women who accompanied Jesus gives this witness continuity with His Galilean ministry (Luke 8:1-3). They are disciples whose fidelity has stretched from following and service to Cross, burial, empty tomb, and proclamation.

The apostles answer this testimony with painful unbelief. The Greek word translated “idle tales,” λῆρος (lēros), can carry the sense of nonsense. By preserving both the insult and the refusal to believe, Luke honors the testimony the apostles fail to receive and exposes the slowness of the very circle that will later proclaim the Resurrection. Their later witness will bear the mark of mercy: Christ makes resistant hearers into heralds of His victory.

“But Peter arose” begins a real change before understanding is complete. The women’s report makes him stand, run, stoop, and look. He sees the linen cloths lying by themselves and departs “marveling.” Luke chooses θαυμάζων (thaumazōn), “marveling,” for this stage of Peter’s response. The apostle has risen from dismissal and begun to attend closely to the signs before him.⁴

The linen cloths join the real burial to the bodily absence and take their place within the passage’s cumulative witness: the known tomb, absent body, remembered prediction, named testimony, and burial cloths. The risen Christ’s appearances later in the chapter will bring that witness to fullness. Peter stands at a threshold: the disciple who denied the Lord now runs toward His tomb, attends to what lies before him, and leaves marveling at what has happened.

In this scene, marveling is a threshold toward fuller witness. Peter’s example gives honest doubt a faithful direction: rise, receive the testimony, look carefully, and remain before the mystery while Luke’s Gospel leads onward to the risen Christ’s appearances. A hesitant hearer can begin with the same obedience by reading the Gospel attentively, bringing questions to a trustworthy priest or teacher, standing in the Church’s worship, and praying before understanding is complete. The report of the risen Lord calls both the confident and the hesitant out of their seats.

The Gospel’s wording

The NKJV includes verse 12. Some Greek texts omit it; John 20:3-10 also tells of the disciples’ visit to the tomb.⁵

The Church’s Voice in Worship ⛪

Luke 24:1-12 is the Matins Gospel on Monday of the first week of the Holy Fifty Days. It is also heard at Matins on the third Sundays of Baba, Hatour, Paona, Abib, and Mesra. Morning worship receives the women’s dawn journey and the summons to remember the Lord’s word. At Monday’s Liturgy the Church hears the road to Emmaus, where the risen Lord opens the Scriptures and is known in the breaking of bread.⁶

Spiritual Fruit 🍇

1. Bring Christ the love you can offer, and let Him correct the expectation hidden inside it. The women’s spices reveal steadfast care, but they also show that grief expects only a corpse. A servant can keep attending church, caring for family, or completing ministry duties while inwardly assuming that nothing can truly change. Continue the faithful act, then place that buried conclusion before the risen Lord: “I have come with what I prepared; teach me to remember what You have said.”

2. Answer confusion with Paschal remembrance. Fear often narrows the mind to the stone, the absence, or the worst conclusion. Verses 6-8 give a concrete practice: return to Christ’s words, read the promise in its full setting of Cross and Resurrection, name the sorrow without disguise, and ask the Holy Spirit to make the Lord’s word present to the heart. Christian remembrance does not deny the wound. It refuses to let the wound become the interpreter of Christ.

3. Confess Jesus as the Living One, especially where faith has become only respectful memory. It is possible to admire His teaching, preserve Christian customs, and speak warmly about the past while praying as though Christ were absent. The empty tomb confronts that condition. Address Him as the living Lord in prayer; come to the Church’s Paschal worship expecting communion with Him; and at the grave of someone you love, let lament remain joined to the Creed’s hope in the resurrection of the dead.

4. Let received truth become truthful witness. The women return and tell “all these things,” even to hearers who dismiss them. In family life and parish service, witness does not require drawing attention to oneself or pretending to possess every answer. Speak faithfully about the crucified and risen Christ, give the apostolic word rather than a polished account of yourself, and leave the hearer’s response in God’s hands.

5. When the Resurrection feels difficult to receive, move from dismissal to attention. Peter does not remain seated after judging the report. He rises, runs, stoops, and looks. A hesitant person can take the same honest steps: read the Gospel testimony carefully, bring questions to a trustworthy priest or teacher, stand in the Church’s worship, and pray before understanding is complete. Wonder is not the end of faith, but Christ can use it to break unbelief’s refusal to look.

Teaching Notes

The Women, the Spices, and the Empty Tomb (Luke 24:1-3)

• Ask: What do the prepared spices reveal about both the women’s fidelity and their expectation?
• Emphasize: Luke joins the preceding burial to the empty tomb through the same women, the observed place, the prepared spices, and “the body of the Lord Jesus.”
• Watch for: Treating the spices only as unbelief, inventing burial customs or tomb details, or reducing the Resurrection to an idea detached from Christ’s body.
• Connect: Luke 23:55-56; Luke 8:1-3; 1 Corinthians 15:20-23.

The Living One and the Word Remembered (Luke 24:4-8)

• Ask: Why does the empty tomb leave the women perplexed, and how does Christ’s earlier word interpret it?
• Emphasize: “The Living One,” “must,” and “remember” hold the passage together. Delivery, Cross, and third-day rising form one saving pattern announced by Christ.
• Watch for: Using the angelic question against mourners, overcentering the messengers, treating remembrance as a mental technique, or speaking of divine necessity as though sinful violence became good.
• Connect: Luke 9:22; Luke 18:31-33; Luke 24:25-27, 44-48; the Creed’s confession of the third-day Resurrection.

The Women’s Witness, Apostolic Dismissal, and Peter’s Wonder (Luke 24:9-12)

• Ask: What changes between the apostles’ dismissal in verse 11 and Peter’s actions in verse 12?
• Emphasize: Luke honors the named women’s witness and tells the truth about apostolic slowness. Peter’s running and marveling are genuine movement toward faith, though the verse does not yet narrate full understanding.
• Watch for: Repeating the dismissal of women, mocking the apostles, turning slow faith into a virtue, or claiming that the linen cloths alone settle every historical question.
• Connect: John 20:1-18; Luke 24:33-43; Acts 2:22-36.

Sources

Scripture is from NKJV.

Greek text: SBL Greek New Testament, Luke; BibleHub verse-level interlinear.

Footnotes

1. SBL Greek New Testament, Luke 24:1; see Luke 24:1 interlinear, ὄρθρος, and βαθύς. ↩

2. SBL Greek New Testament, Luke 24:5-8; see Luke 24:6 interlinear, ἐγείρω, Luke 24:7 interlinear, δεῖ, and Luke 24:8 interlinear. ↩

3. Fragments transmitted under the name of St. Cyril of Alexandria, Commentary on Luke, on Luke 24:4-9, tertullian.org. The closing fragments are preserved in Mai’s collection. Their attribution and relation to the continuous commentary are less secure than those of the Syriac sermons. ↩

4. SBL Greek New Testament, Luke 24:11-12; see Luke 24:11 interlinear, λῆρος, Luke 24:12 interlinear, and θαυμάζω. ↩

5. NKJV, Luke 24:12, biblegateway.com; Constantin von Tischendorf, Greek New Testament, eighth edition, Luke 24:12, biblehub.com. ↩

6. Coptic Katameros, Holy Fifty Days, first Monday Matins; annual third-Sunday Matins, Luke 24:1-12, api.katameros.app. ↩